In order to avoid the gradual and permanent disappearance of our plant genetic resources without having the time to know them, it is urgent that appropriate measures be taken. These measures concern in particular the effective application of the texts in force concerning the protection of biodiversity, the revitalization of the National Committee on Plant Genetic Resources to make it operational so that it effectively fulfils its role, the awareness-raising and training of populations and political-administrative authorities on the importance of biological resources and the need for their conservation for present and future generations. Since farmers are involved in the process of creating varieties through the domestication of wild species and participatory varietal selection, the adoption of these varieties by farmers is easier. The production and distribution of seeds of these varieties follow a well-defined mechanism bringing together the public and private sectors as well as farmers' organizations. Given the crucial role of farmers and local communities in maintaining and maintaining traditional species, and their endogenous knowledge, the rights of these main conservation actors deserve to be recognized and defended at all levels.