This report is an overall summary of the current state of biodiversity in Benin and the link between the different levels of biodiversity and the state of poverty and food security of populations. The aim is to determine the impact of the preservation of genetic resources on the well-being of populations in Benin. The specific objectives were to: (i) report on the preservation of genetic resources in Benin and (ii) establish the correlation between biodiversity and the well-being of populations in Benin. To achieve this, the overall approach adopted is summarized in four steps, namely: (i) the methodological framework and the definition of the field of the study; (ii) the targeted documentary review; (iii) the collection of additional data; (iv) the analysis of the data collected; (iv) the analysis of the data collected and finally; (v) the drafting of the document. The results of the mission are organized into 4 main parts and an annex.