This article aims to analyze the dynamics of yam biodiversity management in the face of the development of commercial food crops in North Benin. To do this, we carried out the investigations in the town of Tchaourou, a yam granary in North Benin. Three villages were chosen according to the degree of isolation and development of the market. The sample size is 90 farms at a rate of 30 per village. The methodology adopted was multifaceted by combining qualitative and quantitative approaches. Data relating to the different yam varieties cultivated, to the most expensive variety, to the number of knolls, to the proportions of yam production allocated to consumption, to marketing, to donations and to seeds and the changes in yam cropping systems were collected from focus-groups and individual, informal and unstructured interviews giving broad maneuver to the respondents. Analysis of the results from the average comparison tests revealed that currently, producers who sell much of their yam production grow more varieties than others. Granting a large area to varieties of high market value on a farm has no negative impact on the diversity of yam. In short, we can say that the development of commercial food crops has not yet affected the varietal diversity of yams. However, measures must be taken to safeguard this yam potential enjoyed by mankind.