At the national level, the health context remains marked by the slight reduction in maternal and infant mortality, the persistence of infectious diseases, the very strong increase in non-communicable diseases, and the poor performance of the health system. The maternal mortality ratio is still extremely high. It has evolved from 498 per 100,000 live births (EDSI of 1996) respectively to 397/100,000 in 2006 (EDSIII) to 351/100,000 in 2014 (MICS survey) respectively. The expected target for 2015 was 125/100,000. Likewise, the neonatal mortality rate is still high and has fluctuated between 23 and 26 per 1,000 live births over the last ten years. This document is the report of the Action Plan to relaunch the dialogue between researchers and decision-makers for the reduction of maternal and neonatal mortality in Benin.