Benin is a country in West Africa located in the intertropical zone, between the parallels 6°30' and 12°30' of North Latitude, and the meridians 1° and 30°40' of longitude, and covers an area of 112,622 km2. According to the new territorial distribution, it has twelve (12) departments, 77 municipalities, 542 districts and 3,747 villages and city districts. The estimated population of 6,752,569 inhabitants is composed of various ethnicities and is growing at an annual rate of 3.2%. Rainfall varies between 900 and 1,200 mm of water per year depending on the zone. Agriculture is the dominant activity and employs 70% of the total working population; it contributes 39% to GDP; it provides 70% of household incomes and constitutes 90% of the country's export earnings. The main groups of crops grown and used in people's diets are cereals, legumes, roots and tubers, and vegetable and fruit crops. Vegetation heavily degraded by various anthropogenic activities (deforestation, bush fires, overexploitation of land, inadequate farming practices, etc.), especially in the southern part of the country, is subdivided into large phytogeographical areas Benin is not a forest country as are most countries in the sub-region (Ghana, Côte d'Ivoire, Cameroon, Gabon...), but has a fairly varied range of phytogenetic resources. for food and agriculture. These resources are composed of local strains and those introduced. They are divided into several forest, food, fodder, foraging, medicinal, vegetable, industrial, stimulating species, including minor species. Recognizing their crucial importance for the food and agriculture of present and future generations, the Government of Benin has initiated actions aimed at their preservation. Indeed, international conventions, agreements and treaties have been signed, ratified and several national texts have been adopted with a view to the conservation, effective management and sustainable use of these resources. Several state or non-state structures, together with farmers, are involved in the implementation of actions/activities aimed at the management and sustainable use of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture. These structures are engaged in collection and conservation activities, both in situ and ex situ, in characterizing, evaluating and documenting these resources. However, it is clear that these various actions did not make it possible to satisfactorily stem the phenomenon of genetic erosion in certain species, which still face real threats of extinction. In order to avoid the gradual disappearance, then forever, of our plant genetic resources without having the time to know them, it is urgent that appropriate measures be taken. These measures concern in particular the effective application of the texts in force concerning the protection of biodiversity, the revitalization of the National Committee on Plant Genetic Resources to make it operational so that it effectively fulfils its role, the awareness-raising and training of populations and political-administrative authorities on the importance of biological resources and the need for their conservation for present and future generations. RPGs are used in various forms and by different actors. They are used to feed populations, to cure diseases, to build habitats, etc. Researchers and breeders use them to develop efficient varieties, including seeds, the first input for farmers. Since farmers are involved in the process of creating varieties through the domestication of wild species and participatory varietal selection, the adoption of these varieties by farmers is easier. The production and distribution of seeds of these varieties follow a well-defined mechanism bringing together the public and private sectors as well as farmers' organizations.In view of the crucial role of farmers and local communities in maintaining and maintaining traditional species, to their endogenous knowledge, the rights of these main conservation actors deserve to be recognized and defended at all levels.